ABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of energy restriction and vitamin E supplementation on memory, learning, anxiety and spontaneous locomotion in adult rats. Three-month old male Wistar rats were grouped according to diet: Control (AIN 93-M; n=18), Supplemented (AIN 93-M + 1425 IU all-rac-alph-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet; n=22) and Restricted (AIN 93-M with 30 percent reduction in carbohydrate energy; n=23). Sixteen weeks after, the passive avoidance (PA), elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests were applied. In the EPM test, the behavioral profile of the supplemented group was characterized by a lower frequency of entries into the open arms (P < 0,026), whereas the restricted group showed a lower frequency of head dipping (P < 0,003). The ratio between the time span of the shocks and the number of attempts were larger for the supplemented than for the non-supplemented animals (P = 0,0474), thus suggesting a delay in learning in the PA test. Taken together, these results suggest that a long-term combination of carbohydrate energy restriction in rats should not cause negative behavioral alterations. Compared with vitamin E supplementation, the restricted diet performed equally or better in rats as an alternate antioxidant diet.
Se investigó la influencia de la restricción energética en comparación a la suplementación con vitamina E en la memoria, aprendizaje, ansiedad y locomoción espontánea en ratas adultas. Machos Wistar de tres meses de edad fueron agrupados de acuerdo a las dietas: Control (AIN 93-M, n=18), Suplementados (AIN 93-M + 1425 UI all-rac-alfa-tocoferil acetato /kg de dieta; n=22) y Restrictos (AIN 93-M con 30 por ciento de restricción energética en los carbohidratos; n=23). Dieciséis semanas después, fueron aplicadas las pruebas de esquiva pasiva (PA), laberinto elevado en cruz (EPM) y de campo abierto (OF). En la prueba de EPM, el grupo suplementado mostró una menor frecuencia de entradas en los corredores abiertos (P < 0,026), mientras el grupo restricto registró menor frecuencia de bajadas de cabeza (P = 0,003). La razón entre la duración de los choques y el número de intentos fue superior para el grupo suplementado, que para los no suplementados (P = 0,0474), lo cual sugiere un leve perjuicio en el aprendizaje de los suplementados, según la prueba de PA. Tomados en conjunto, estos resultados sugieren que la restricción crónica en energía de carbohidratos no provoca alteraciones negativas en el comportamiento de ratas adultas y que sus beneficios pueden superar los obtenidos al suplementar la dieta patrón con vitamina E, como opción de dieta antioxidante.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Behavior/radiation effects , Diet/adverse effects , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Vitamin EABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do consumo crônico de di e trieptanoínas sobre a esteatose hepática (EH) em ratos. METODOLOGIA: Ratos Wistar submetidos à dieta AIN-93 com 0 por cento, 30 por cento ou 50 por cento de substituição do óleo por óleo rico em di e trieptanoína, grupos TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 e TAGC(7)50, respectivamente, por nove meses. O grupo-controle recebeu ração Labina®. Analisaram-se histologia e provas de função e lesão hepática, glicemia e perfil lipídico sérico. Realizaram-se análise de variância, teste F, teste de Dunnet e análises de regressão uni e multivariadas (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 e TAGC(7)50 desenvolveram EH; 80 por cento de casos graves no TAGC(7)0 contra 40 por cento no TAGC(7)50. Os pesos absoluto (PAF) e relativo do fígado (PRF) foram maiores em TAGC(7)0 e TAGC(7)30 e a glicemia foi maior em TAGC(7)30 e TAGC(7)50, que no grupo-controle. Colesterol total, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c e proteínas totais foram maiores no grupo-controle. O óleo experimental reduziu o PRF e determinou tendência de redução do peso corporal, PAF, percentual de lipídios hepáticos e graus de EH (GHE). As variáveis explicativas para GHE foram peso final, glicemia, albumina, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, VLDL-c e fosfatase alcalina. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se que di e trieptanoínas exerçam efeito hepatoprotetor contra a EH, em ratos, em uma feição dose-dependente.
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of chronic consumption of di- and triheptanoin on hepatic steatosis (HS) in rats. METHODOLOGY: Wistar rats were submitted to a diet AIN-93 with 0, 30 or 50 percent of its oil substituted with an oil rich in di- and triheptanoin, groups TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 and TAGC(7)50 respectively, for nine months. The control group received Labina®. Liver histology, hepatic lesion and function proofs, glycemia and lipid profile, were performed. Variance analyses, F-test, Dunnet´s test and uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed (p<0.05). RESULTS: TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 and TAGC(7)50 developed HS; 80 percent of severe cases in TAGC(7)0, as against 40 percent in TAGC(7)50. The absolute (ALW) and relative (RLW) liver weights were higher in TAGC(7)0 and TAGC(7)30, and glycemia was greater in TAGC(7)30 and TAGC(7)50, than in the Control. Total cholesterol, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and total proteins were higher in the Control. The experimental oil reduced RLW and showed a tendency in the reduction of body weight, ALW, percentage of hepatic lipids and the severity of HS. The explanatory variables in relation to HS were final weight, glycemia, albumin, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, VLDL-c and alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that di- and triheptanoin have a hepatoprotector effect against HS, in rats, in a dose-dependant manner.